China Law Key Words · 01 Practice
Trade & Customs
Practical China law orientation, guides and related counsel
272 articles · Latest update 13 Sep 2026
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Guides, answers and analysis related to this topic.
272 articles
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06 Sep 2026
Gallium Export Controls in China
Mainland China has used export-control and customs notices to restrict gallium and related products. The live control — licence, ban, reporting, or none — is in the current MOFCOM…
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06 Sep 2026
Germanium Export Controls in China
Mainland China has used export-control and customs notices to restrict germanium and related products. The live control — licence, ban, reporting, or none — is in the current MOFC…
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06 Sep 2026
Graphite Export Controls in China
Mainland China has used export-control and customs notices to restrict graphite and related products. The live control — licence, ban, reporting, or none — is in the current MOFCO…
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06 Sep 2026
Tungsten Export Controls in China
Mainland China has used export-control and customs notices to restrict tungsten and related products. The live control — licence, ban, reporting, or none — is in the current MOFCO…
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06 Sep 2026
How to Apply for a China Export Licence
A China dual-use or other export-control licence is applied for with the competent authority (often MOFCOM) using the current electronic forms, item identity, and end-user/end-use…
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06 Sep 2026
End-Use Certificates in China
An end-use/end-user certificate (EUC) is a statement of who will use the item and for what. In China export licensing it is evidence, not a magic safe harbour if you ignored red f…
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06 Sep 2026
Export-Control Clauses in Contracts
A China-related contract should allocate classification, licensing, end-user honesty, no-diversion, and what happens if a list changes. Clauses do not replace a licence, and they…
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06 Sep 2026
Export-Control Due Diligence in M&A
Buying or selling a China-linked business requires an export-control file: past unlicensed exports, licences, catch-all red flags, technology transfers, and stacked US/EU exposure…
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06 Sep 2026
China Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law
The Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (AFSL) is Mainland China’s statute for counter-measures and blocking extra-territorial foreign sanctions. It is not a dual-use control list and not…
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06 Sep 2026
China Unreliable Entity List
The Unreliable Entity List is a MOFCOM designation for foreign entities that seriously harm Chinese national interests or companies. Effects can include trade, investment and rela…
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06 Sep 2026
China Dual-Use Control List
The China dual-use control list is the live catalogue of goods, software and technologies that generally need an export licence. It is amended by announcement. A printed annex in…
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06 Sep 2026
Dual-Use Items in China
A dual-use item in Mainland China is goods, software or technology that has both civil and military or other controlled uses and is listed or caught by catch-all rules. The commer…
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06 Sep 2026
China Export Licence
A China export licence is an official permission to export a controlled item, technology or service to a stated end user, end use and destination. It is not a customs declaration…
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06 Sep 2026
End User Under China Export Controls
The end user is the party that will actually use the controlled item or technology — not always the buyer on the invoice. China licences and catch-all analysis follow the real use…
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06 Sep 2026
End Use Under China Export Controls
End use is what the item or technology will actually do in the user’s hands. Weapons, WMD, military modernisation and other prohibited uses can trigger a licence or a ban even whe…
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