China Law Key Words · 01 Practice
Business & Contract
Practical China law orientation, guides and related counsel
232 articles · Latest update 13 Sep 2026
Reading on this topic
Guides, answers and analysis related to this topic.
232 articles
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06 Sep 2026
NNN Agreements in China
An NNN agreement for China manufacturing is a contract that targets non-use, non-disclosure and non-circumvention. It is stronger than a generic NDA for factory disclosures, but i…
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06 Sep 2026
Material Adverse Change Clauses in China Contracts
A material adverse change clause is a contract tool, not a standing Civil Code right. Mainland tribunals read MAC language against the defined test, the exclusions, and whether th…
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06 Sep 2026
Can Parties Choose Foreign Courts in a China Contract?
A foreign-court clause in a China-related contract is a jurisdiction choice, not a governing-law choice. It may be effective between the parties, but a Mainland court can still ta…
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06 Sep 2026
China Limitation of Liability Clauses
Caps and exclusions can work, but several mandatory limits cannot be drafted away. Commercial parties commonly cap damages at fees paid or exclude indirect loss. Under the Civil C…
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06 Sep 2026
China Force Majeure Clauses
Force majeure can excuse non-performance, but only if the event, causation and notice line up. The Civil Code defines force majeure and allows partial or full exemption when an ev…
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06 Sep 2026
Terminating a Contract in China
Termination is a legal act: you need a ground, a clear notice, and a plan for restitution. The Civil Code distinguishes termination by agreement, exercise of a contractual termina…
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06 Sep 2026
WeChat and Email as Contract Evidence
WeChat and email can be contract evidence; they are not automatically a complete contract. PRC law recognises electronic data as a form of evidence and does not deny legal effect…
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06 Sep 2026
China Contract Notice Clauses
Follow the clause’s method, address and deemed-receipt rule; informal chats are a backup, not a plan. Chinese forums generally treat a contractual notice as effective when it is g…
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06 Sep 2026
Confidentiality Clauses in China Contracts
The clause is useful, but it is not a substitute for trade-secret hygiene or an NNN package. Parties may agree to keep defined information confidential, limit use, and return or d…
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06 Sep 2026
Purchase Orders and Master Agreements in China
The MSA does not automatically control every PO; conflicting terms are a formation and evidence problem. Parties often sign a framework (MSA) and then issue POs, PI, vendor confir…
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06 Sep 2026
China Liquidated Damages Clauses
Agreed damages are valid, but Chinese forums can adjust them to actual loss. The Civil Code lets parties stipulate liquidated damages or a method for calculating loss. If the agre…
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06 Sep 2026
Who Can Sign a Contract for a Chinese Company?
The legal representative, an authorised agent, or a genuine company chop can bind the company. The legal representative named on the business licence has statutory power to repres…
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06 Sep 2026
Are English-Language Contracts Enforceable in China?
Yes, if the contract itself is valid; language is rarely the deciding defect. Chinese courts and arbitration institutions regularly hear disputes on English or bilingual commercia…
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06 Sep 2026
Do China Contracts Need to Be in Chinese?
No general rule requires ordinary commercial contracts to be in Chinese. English-only or bilingual contracts can be effective if the agreement itself is valid. In practice, Chines…
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06 Sep 2026
What Makes a Contract Valid in China?
A China contract is generally effective when capable parties genuinely agree on lawful terms. Under the Civil Code, a contract is typically formed when the parties reach agreement…
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