The company’s official seal. Affixing it is often treated as the company’s act, alongside or instead of a wet-ink signature.
CHINESE LEGAL REFERENCE
Chinese Legal Glossary
Understand Chinese legal terms in plain English, with original Chinese terminology, translation notes and links into practical legal research.
SEARCH GLOSSARY
Find a legal term
Search English, 中文 or pinyin.
Start hereCore terms foreign users
Browse all terms
Core terms foreign users
encounter first.
Browse by subject
Legal subjects.
Use a subject as a research filter. Subjects stay visible even when the current glossary has not yet published a term in that area.
Companies & corporate1 term
ContractsReference area
Employment2 terms
Disputes & courtsReference area
ArbitrationReference area
Intellectual propertyReference area
Data & cybersecurityReference area
InvestmentReference area
Trade & customsReference area
Tax & financeReference area
Real estateReference area
Individuals & familyReference area
Dictionary index
Browse A–Z or by Chinese pinyin.
A working vocabulary for China-related legal research.
3matching
terms
terms
No glossary term matches that search.
Different job
Looking for a question rather than a legal term?
Quick Answers resolve a narrow question. The glossary defines concepts.
Translation note
Open full term / research